Reviewed by: Michael A. Editorial team. Mitral valve regurgitation Mitral valve regurgitation; Mitral valve insufficiency; Heart mitral regurgitation; Valvular mitral regurgitation. The interior of the heart is composed of valves, chambers, and associated vessels. Causes Mitral regurgitation is a common type of heart valve disorder. You are at risk for mitral valve regurgitation if you have: Coronary heart disease and high blood pressure Infection of the heart valves Mitral valve prolapse MVP Rare conditions, such as untreated syphilis or Marfan syndrome Rheumatic heart disease.
This is a complication of untreated strep throat that is becoming less common. Swelling of the left lower heart chamber Another important risk factor for mitral regurgitation is past use of a diet pill called "Fen-Phen" fenfluramine and phentermine or dexfenfluramine. Symptoms Symptoms may begin suddenly if: A heart attack damages the muscles around the mitral valve.
The cords that attach the muscle to the valve break. An infection of the valve destroys part of the valve. There are often no symptoms. When symptoms occur, they often develop gradually, and may include: Cough Fatigue , exhaustion , and lightheadedness Rapid breathing Sensation of feeling the heart beat palpitations or a rapid heartbeat Shortness of breath that increases with activity and when lying down Waking up an hour or so after falling asleep because of trouble breathing Urination, excessive at night.
Exams and Tests When listening to your heart and lungs, the health care provider may detect: A thrill vibration over the heart when feeling the chest area An extra heart sound S4 gallop A distinctive heart murmur Crackles in the lungs if fluid backs up into the lungs The physical exam may also reveal: Ankle and leg swelling Enlarged liver Bulging neck veins Other signs of right-sided heart failure The following tests may be done to look at the heart valve structure and function: CT scan of the heart Echocardiogram an ultrasound examination of the heart - transthoracic or transesophageal Magnetic resonance imaging MRI Cardiac catheterization may be done if heart function becomes worse.
Treatment Treatment will depend on what symptoms you have, what condition caused the mitral valve regurgitation, how well the heart is working, and if the heart has become enlarged. The following drugs may be prescribed when mitral regurgitation symptoms get worse: Beta-blockers, ACE inhibitors, or calcium channel blockers Blood thinners anticoagulants to help prevent blood clots in people with atrial fibrillation Drugs that help control uneven or abnormal heartbeats Water pills diuretics to remove excess fluid in the lungs A low-sodium diet may be helpful.
You may need to limit your activity if symptoms develop. Mitral valve stenosis is where the mitral valve does not open as wide as it should, restricting the flow of blood through the heart. One of the main causes of mitral valve stenosis is rheumatic heart disease. This is where an infection causes the heart to become inflamed. Over time, it can cause the flaps of the mitral valve to become hard and thick.
Other causes include hard deposits that form around the valve with age, or a problem with the heart from birth congenital heart disease. Mitral valve surgery may be recommended if you have symptoms caused by a problem with your mitral valve or if the problem is quite serious.
Mitral valve repair is an operation to make the flaps of the mitral valve stay closer together. This will help stop blood flowing the wrong way through the valve. It's mainly used to treat mitral valve prolapse or regurgitation, if the problem is serious and causing symptoms. The operation is carried out under general anaesthetic , where you're asleep. Your surgeon will usually get to your heart through a single cut along the middle of your chest, but smaller cuts between your ribs are sometimes used.
The operation may be done as keyhole surgery, where a small clip is attached to the mitral valve to help it close. Most people experience a significant improvement in their symptoms after surgery, but speak to your surgeon about the possible complications.
Mitral valve replacement is an operation to replace your mitral valve with a mechanical valve or a valve made from animal tissue a bioprosthetic valve. A conversation about reducing the harms of social media. Menopause and memory: Know the facts. How to get your child to put away toys. Is a common pain reliever safe during pregnancy? Can vaping help you quit smoking? Heart Health When and how to treat a leaky mitral valve June 5, Research health conditions Check your symptoms Prepare for a doctor's visit or test Find the best treatments and procedures for you Explore options for better nutrition and exercise Learn more about the many benefits and features of joining Harvard Health Online ».
Sign Me Up. Print This Page Click to Print. Heart Health. Journal of the American College of Cardiology. What causes heart failure? What is atrial fibrillation? What is pulmonary hypertension? Management of chronic primary mitral regurgitation. Surgical procedures for severe chronic mitral regurgitation. Aldea GS. Minimally invasive aortic and mitral valve surgery. Vernick W, et al. Robotic and minimally invasive cardiac surgery. Anesthesiology Clinics. Mitral valve disease — Current management and future challenges.
Ruiz CE, et al. Transcatheter therapies for the treatment of valvular and paravalvular regurgitation in acquired and congenital valvular heart disease.
What causes cardiomyopathy? What causes an arrhythmia? Riggin EA. Allscripts EPSi. Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minn. Daniels BK. Echo Information Management System. Related Chambers and valves of the heart Mitral valve clip to treat mitral regurgitation: Bob's story Mitral valve overview Mitral valve regurgitation Robotic heart surgery treats mitral regurgitation: Ed's story Show more related content.
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