It is caused by one of the following:. Other types of megaloblastic anemia may be linked with type 1 diabetes, thyroid disease, and a family history of the disease. The inability to make intrinsic factor may be the result of several factors, such as chronic gastritis, gastrectomy removal of all or part of the stomach , or an autoimmune condition the body attacks its own tissues. Other types of megaloblastic anemia may be associated with type 1 diabetes, thyroid disease, and a family history of the disease.
The symptoms of megaloblastic anemia may look like other blood conditions or health problems. Always see your healthcare provider for a diagnosis.
This type of anemia is usually found during a medical exam through a routine blood test. Your healthcare provider will take your medical history and give you a physical exam. Your provider may give you additional blood tests.
You may also have other evaluation procedures, such as a bone marrow biopsy. Vitamin B 12 deficiency anemia and folate deficiency anemia often occur together and can be hard to tell apart. Treatment may include vitamin B 12 shots injections and folic acid pills. Taking folic acid by mouth is more effective than eating foods rich in folic acid.
Vitamin B 12 is not as well absorbed by mouth as per injection. Depending on the cause of your vitamin B 12 deficiency, you may need to take vitamin B 12 supplements for the rest of your life. These may be pills or shots. This may seem difficult. But it will let you live a normal life without symptoms. If your deficiency is due to a restrictive diet, you may want to work with a nutritionist. He or she can help ensure that you get enough vitamin B 12 and other vitamins. Tell your healthcare provider about any symptoms and follow your treatment plan.
Everyone needs vitamin B, and most people get enough through their diet. But if you take supplements, you might ingest more than your body needs…. Vitamin B deficiencies can cause a wide range of symptoms. Learn the importance of each B vitamin, their deficiency symptoms, and the best food…. Feeling dizzy and tired at the same time could be a symptom of various conditions. Read on to learn about possible causes.
Megaloblastic anemia is marked by very large red blood cells that crowd out healthy cells. Learn about the effect of B vitamins, diagnosis, and more. Has your doctor advised you to increase your red blood cell count? These supplements and lifestyle changes may help. Red blood cells carry oxygen from your lungs to your entire body. When dying red blood cells outpace the bone…. A vitamin B test measures the amount of B in your blood. Find out what your B results mean and how to optimize your B intake.
High in vitamin B and iron, liver extract sounds like a forgotten miracle treatment. During flu season, having a scratchy throat, body aches, or fatigue can signal the arrival of the flu virus. Detecting early flu symptoms can help…. Health Conditions Discover Plan Connect. Pernicious Anemia. Medically reviewed by Stacy Sampson, D.
What are the symptoms of pernicious anemia? What causes vitamin B deficiency anemia? Other vitamin B deficiency anemia vs. Risk factors for pernicious anemia.
Diagnosing pernicious anemia. Treatment for pernicious anemia. Read this next. Medically reviewed by Alan Carter, Pharm. Symptoms of Vitamin B Deficiencies. Medically reviewed by Madeline Knott, MD. Infants of strict vegetarian mothers may be given vitamin B12 supplements from birth. With proper treatment, people who have pernicious anemia can recover, feel well, and live normal lives. If you have complications of pernicious anemia, such as nerve damage, early treatment may help reverse the damage.
If you have pernicious anemia, you may need lifelong treatment. See your doctor regularly for checkups and ongoing care. Take vitamin B12 supplements as your doctor advises. This may help prevent symptoms and complications. During your followup visits, your doctor may check for signs of vitamin B12 deficiency. He or she also may adjust your treatment as needed. If you have pernicious anemia, you're at higher risk for stomach cancer. See your doctor regularly so he or she can check for this complication.
Also, tell your family members, especially your children and brothers and sisters, that you have pernicious anemia. Pernicious anemia can run in families, so they may have a higher risk for the condition. Learn more about participating in a clinical trial. View all trials from ClinicalTrials. Visit Children and Clinical Studies to hear experts, parents, and children talk about their experiences with clinical research. Pernicious Anemia.
What Is - Pernicious Anemia. This article discusses pernicious anemia due to a lack of intrinsic factor and other causes. Overview Pernicious anemia is a type of anemia. Other Names - Pernicious Anemia. Vitamin B12 deficiency also is called cobalamin deficiency and combined systems disease. Causes - Pernicious Anemia. Lack of Intrinsic Factor Intrinsic factor is a protein made in the stomach. Other Causes Pernicious anemia also has other causes, besides a lack of intrinsic factor. Malabsorption in the Small Intestine Sometimes pernicious anemia occurs because the body's small intestine can't properly absorb vitamin B This may be the result of: Too many of the wrong kind of bacteria in the small intestine.
This is a common cause of pernicious anemia in older adults. The bacteria use up the available vitamin B12 before the small intestine can absorb it. Diseases that interfere with vitamin B12 absorption. One example is celiac disease. This is a genetic disorder in which your body can't tolerate a protein called gluten. Another example is Crohn's disease, an inflammatory bowel disease.
HIV also may interfere with vitamin B12 absorption. Certain medicines that alter bacterial growth or prevent the small intestine from properly absorbing vitamin B Examples include antibiotics and certain diabetes and seizure medicines. Surgical removal of part or all of the small intestine. A tapeworm infection. The tapeworm feeds off of the vitamin B Eating undercooked, infected fish may cause this type of infection.
Diet Lacking Vitamin B12 Some people get pernicious anemia because they don't have enough vitamin B12 in their diets. Good food sources of vitamin B12 include: Breakfast cereals with added vitamin B12 Meats such as beef, liver, poultry, and fish Eggs and dairy products such as milk, yogurt, and cheese Foods fortified with vitamin B12, such as soy-based beverages and vegetarian burgers Strict vegetarians who don't eat any animal or dairy products and don't take a vitamin B12 supplement are at risk for pernicious anemia.
Risk Factors - Pernicious Anemia. You're at higher risk for pernicious anemia if you: Have a family history of the condition. Have had part or all of your stomach surgically removed. The stomach makes intrinsic factor. This protein helps your body absorb vitamin B Have an autoimmune disorder that involves the endocrine glands, such as Addison's disease, type 1 diabetes, Graves' disease, or vitiligo.
Research suggests a link may exist between these autoimmune disorders and pernicious anemia that's caused by an autoimmune response. Have had part or all of your small intestine surgically removed. The small intestine is where vitamin B12 is absorbed. Have certain intestinal diseases or other disorders that may prevent your body from properly absorbing vitamin B Examples include Crohn's disease, intestinal infections, and HIV. Take medicines that prevent your body from properly absorbing vitamin B Examples of such medicines include antibiotics and certain seizure medicines.
Are a strict vegetarian who doesn't eat any animal or dairy products and doesn't take a vitamin B12 supplement, or if you eat poorly overall. Screening and Prevention - Pernicious Anemia.
Signs, Symptoms, and Complications - Pernicious Anemia. Signs and Symptoms of Anemia The most common symptom of all types of anemia is fatigue tiredness. A smooth, thick, red tongue also is a sign of vitamin B12 deficiency and pernicious anemia. Diagnosis - Pernicious Anemia. Specialists Involved Primary care doctors—such as family doctors, internists, and pediatricians doctors who treat children —often diagnose and treat pernicious anemia.
Other kinds of doctors also may be involved, including: A neurologist nervous system specialist A cardiologist heart specialist A hematologist blood disease specialist A gastroenterologist digestive tract specialist Medical and Family Histories Your doctor may ask about your signs and symptoms.
He or she also may ask: Whether you've had any stomach or intestinal surgeries Whether you have any digestive disorders, such as celiac disease or Crohn's disease About your diet and any medicines you take Whether you have a family history of anemia or pernicious anemia Whether you have a family history of autoimmune disorders such as Addison's disease, type 1 diabetes, Graves' disease, or vitiligo. Physical Exam During the physical exam, your doctor may check for pale or yellowish skin and an enlarged liver.
Diagnostic Tests and Procedures Blood tests and procedures can help diagnose pernicious anemia and find out what's causing it. Other Blood Tests If the CBC results confirm that you have anemia, you may need other blood tests to find out what type of anemia you have. Your doctor may recommend other blood tests to check: Your vitamin B12 level.
A low level of vitamin B12 in the blood indicates pernicious anemia. However, a falsely normal or high value of vitamin B12 in the blood may occur if antibodies interfere with the test. Your homocysteine and methylmalonic acid MMA levels. High levels of these substances in your body are a sign of pernicious anemia. For intrinsic factor antibodies and parietal cell antibodies.
These antibodies also are a sign of pernicious anemia.
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